Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women globally. Throughout their lives, many women may notice lumps or irregularities in their breasts. While most of these are benign, it is essential to seek medical evaluation if any significant or persistent changes occur.

One of the most common early signs of breast cancer is a painless lump that gradually increases in size. Due to the absence of pain, many women tend to overlook it during the initial stages. Other warning signs include unusual nipple discharge, changes or lesions on the nipple and areola, nipple retraction, and dimpling or puckering of the breast skin.

At Asian Center of Oncology and Haematology, the treatment of breast cancer involves a comprehensive, multi-step approach, including the following key procedures:

1. Breast Biopsy

A breast biopsy is the definitive method to determine whether a suspicious area in the breast is cancerous. This procedure involves removing a small sample of breast tissue—either surgically or with a biopsy needle—for laboratory analysis.

2. Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

This diagnostic procedure identifies whether cancer has spread to the lymphatic system. It involves locating and testing the sentinel lymph node—the first node where cancer cells are likely to spread from the primary tumor.

3. Axillary Clearance (Axillary Lymph Node Dissection)

If cancer is found in the lymph nodes, axillary clearance may be performed. This surgery removes most or all of the lymph nodes located under the arm to prevent further spread of cancer.

4. Breast-Conserving Surgery (BCS)

Also known as breast-sparing surgery, lumpectomy, or partial mastectomy, this procedure involves removing the tumor along with a margin of surrounding tissue, while preserving most of the breast.

5. Modified Radical Mastectomy

This surgery involves the removal of the entire breast, including the nipple, areola, and sometimes the overlying skin. It often includes the removal of lymph nodes from the underarm area as well.